Opinion about English Language

English is the global language which is regarded as a difficult language to learn, especially for countries that rarely uses English as the language of instruction in daily life.
As the language used in international relations, surely we have to learn the English language, especially at this time there are no more boundaries between states, so we need to expand knowledge in the mastery of English.
In children should learn English is taught from the earliest possible age, this can be easier for them to quickly master the English language.
To be in English language learning can be more effective, we have more often read magazines, newspapers and books that speak English, but read surely we must also be diligent to listen to conversations in English, through the news in English, music and so on. In addition to the above must have two things in practice it becomes the most effective in terms of learning a foreign language.

Summary Chart of Modals

Auxiliary	Uses	Present/Future
May	Formal permission Less than 50% certainty	Chances of a truly catastrophic scenario may still be low, but the probability has risen appreciably. Further gains may be capped, however, if a stronger US dollar trend driven by higher US Treasury yields reasserts itself.
Might	Less than 50% certainty	The time honoured tradition of escaping a debt crisis - printing money - would mean it might be better to practise those wheel-barrow pushing skills instead. A new funding deal might bring its return to market closer, as it would reassure markets that debt restructuring isn’t the norm for the euro zone.
Should	Advisability 90% certainty	It’s important that the two countries have friendly consultations to resolve such issues based on mutual respect and equality, and we should not allow such restrictions to impair the sound and steady development of U.S. The company should always be aware of the movement of the global crude oil price, which affects jet fuel, which accounted for 38 percent of its operational costs last year.
ought to	Advisability 90% certainty
had better	Advisability with threat of bad result
be supposed to	Expectation
be to	Strong expectation	Their aim is to prune the number of auto makers in China to create more dominant national brands.
Must	Strong necessity 95% certainty	Competition must be brought in. He looked inside the bag, opened it and thought it must be a bomb when he saw a canister attached to wires.
Have to	Necessity Lack of necessity (negative)	Glencore will have to sell some zinc mines or smelters or try “fighting it out” in an extended investigation, says David Anderson, an antitrust partner with Berwin Leighton Paisner LLP in Brussels. Apple also doesn’t have to contend with the lingering effects of the tech bubble, as Microsoft did in 2003, which kept stock valuations lofty.
Have got to
Will	Willingness 100% certainty	Until Libson explains where it will find the money, investors will fear a repeat of Greece’s debt restructuring. Portugal will need to start issuing bonds well before September 2013.
Be going to	Definite Plan 100% certainty	Stay fit and healthy, it is going to be a tough ride. We genuinely think it is going to work and it will save a pot full of money.
Can	Ability/possibility Impossibility (negative)	The market can expect above-aver –age inflation in the short term. Regardless of what the source of inflation is, one cannot ignore the impact of headline inflation on inflation expectations, which is something the central bank needs to another.
Could	Less than 50% certainty Suggestion	The policy flamethrower could easily turn them back to scorched earth. What is harder to determine for the market is whether a resurgent property sector – a key driver China’s of economic-could ride to the rescue of 2012 growth.
Be able to	Ability	Tepco won’t be able to close its books for the fiscal year that ends this month.
Would	Preference Polite request	French carmaker PSA Peugeot Citroen also said that it would assemble Peugeot cars in Indonesia to gain a greater share of the local market. In 2010 told UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon that more indictments were “not allowed” and has previously said he would be happy if the court packed up and left.
Used to	Repeated action in the past	On Tuesday mining giant BHP Billiton warned that Chinese demand for iron ore-used to make steel-was flattening. (past)
Shall	Polite request to make a suggestion Future with “I” or “we” as subject

Conditional Sentence

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. This sentence consists of two parts:
1. Main Clause (Parent sentence): the sentence can stand alone because it has a subject and predicate.
2. Sub-ordinate Clause / If clause (clause): the sentence can not stand alone / must be attached to the main clause.
There are three types of Conditional Sentences: Future Possible Condition, Present Unreal Condition, Past Unreal Con-dition.
Type I condition: Future Possible Conditional
Future possible conditional is a conditional sentence, that is, if the occurrence of a case depends on whether the conditions are met or not.
This type refers to an action or event that will only happen in the future if requirements are met. we actually do not know whether the requirements are being met or not, but the terms or conditions are still very realistic that we can think that the assumption that we make possible.
Example:
1. If there are no starts, the sky will be very dark.
Fact: possibility of the sky is not so dark, when there will be a star.
2. If you eat too much, you will get a stomachache.
Fact : he did not eat much because he did not want to upset stomach
Tenses:
If clause Result clause
If + Simple Present Simple Future
Formula :
S + will + V1 + if + S + V1/V1+s/es
or
If + S + V1/ V1+s/es , S + will + V1
Description:
Clause if it can be placed at the beginning of the sentence without changing the meaning, but the second sentence should be preceded by a comma (,)
Note: In this type, "if" is often replaced with "when"

Type II condition: Present Conditional
Different from the future conditional, conditionals present conditional is used to express a state that is not possible be fulfilled. Present conditional shows the current situation. Unfortunately, we expect different things that happen, or imagining events that occur otherwise.
Example :
1. If I went to Jakarta, I would visit him.
Fact : I don’t go to Jakarta.
2. If he didn’t drink beer, he wouldn’t get drunk.
Fact : He drinks beer.
3. If I passed the exam, I would continue to university.
Fact : I do not pass the exam now.
Tenses:
If clause Result clause
If + Simple Past Past Future Tense

Formula :
IF + S + V2, S + would + V1
Note:
In type II “were “ is used for all subjects
Example :
If I were you, I would continue to university ( but I am not you).
Were as the only “be”
In the present conditional, the verb "be" in the if clause has always been "were" and never become "was". any subject of the sentence. "was" beginning to be used only in colloquial language.
Example:
Result Clause If Clause
I would buy a farm. If I were rich.
S “be”
NOT
If I was rich
She would act in a horror movie. If she were an artist.
We would go to see Monas. If we were in Jakarta.





Type III condition: Past Conditional
Past conditional sentence is also an assumption that is not possible be fulfilled. This type refers to a situation that has happened in the past and obviously could not change. So, we can only assume if it is different even though we already know it is impossible supposition.
Example:
1. If I had locked the door, the thieves would not have been able to get in.
Fact : I didn’t lock the door.
2. If the weather had been fine, we could have gone to the zoo.
Fact : The weather wasn’t fine.
3. If I had passed the exam, I would have continued to university.
Fact : I did not pass the exam then.
Tenses:
If clause Result clause
Past Perfect Tense Past Future Perfect Tense

Formula :
IF + S + had + V3, S + would have + V3
Note:
For type III often shaped inversion (reversal), two subjects and verbs do not use the IF.




Source :
Utami, puput- Tim Bahasa ILT. PT. Bhuana Ilmu Populer. Jakarta. 2011
http://adivampciel.blogspot.com/2011/11/conditional-sentences.html
http://nonaqoe.wordpress.com/2008/07/10/conditional-sentence/

Pandangan Etika Bisnis Terhadap Kecurangan Perusahaan

Kehadiran PT Freeport Indonesia di wilayah adat suku Amungme sejak terjadi kontrak karya tahun 1967, mengundang banyak persoalan bagi suku Amungme yang mendiami dataran tinggi di Puncak Grasberg maupun suku Kamoro yang mendiami dataran rendah Mimika. Persoalan yang timbul setelah PT.Freeport Indonesia beroperasi adalah pencemaran lingkungan hidup baik mulai dari gunung biji yang di kenal oleh masyarakat adat Amungme sebagai “Nemang Kawi” (Anak Panah Putih), Sungai Wanagong sampai ke dataran rendah milik masyarakat suku Kamoro yaitu sungai Aikwa. Kini ribuan hektar hutan kayu, sagu rusak dan sejumlah habitat sungai menjadi punah, bahkan manusia pun ikut kena dampak, akibat tailing yang di buang ke sungai Aikwa.

Sedangkan dampak sosial-ekonomi dari pembuangan tailing ke sungai Aikwa terhadap kedua suku tersebut maupun suku-suku lain dari Papua, dan Indonesia dapat terlihat dekat dengan mata dimana kota Timika yang dulunya banyak dusun sagu yang memberi makan bagi masyarakat adat Kamoro, dan suku-suku lain dari Papua maupun Indonesia yang tinggal di kota Timika telah rusak. Akibatnya masyarakat tidak bisa mendapatkan sagu sebagai sumber makanan pokok mereka, disamping itu berkembang pesatnya pembangunan yang didukung oleh PT. Freeport Indonesia membuat suku Amungme dan Kamoro menjadi minoritas di atas tanahnya sendiri. Sementara itu pemukiman mereka juga semakin tersingkir dan menjadi perkampungan kumuh di tengah-tengah kawasan Industri tambang termegah di Asia.

Dengan demikian perkembangan tambang ditengah-tengah suku Amungme dan Kamoro ini bukannya mendatangkan kehidupan yang lebih baik melainkan semakin memojokkan mereka menjadi kelompok marginal. Hal ini semakin terdorong oleh semakin besarnya arus urbanisasi ke Timika dari daerah-daerah sekitarnya dan dari pulau lain di Indonesia. Dimana kehidupan homogen dimasa lalu seketika menghadapi tantangan dari luar dengan hadirnya berbagai suku dan bangsa yang masuk wilayah adat suku Amunggme dan Kamoro.

Dampak lain dari kehadiran PT. Freeport Indonesia adalah terjadinya berbagai kasus pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM), sebagai akibat protes masyarakat terhadap PT. Freeport Indonesia yang terkesan tidak memperhatikan kesejahteraan masyarakat Adat Suku Amungme dan 6 suku lain yang disebut sebagai pemilik tanah, emas, tembaga, hutan yang kemudian dikuasai oleh pihak perusahaan. Dalam aksi protes, masyarakat selalu berhadapan dengan pihak aparat keamanan (TNI/POLRI), yang bertugas mengamankan Perusahaan, maka terjadilah pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia. Kasus pelanggaran HAM di wilayah penambangan berlangsung cukup lama sejak hadirnya PT. Freeport Indonesia hingga kini.

Persoalan lain yang paling mendasar bagi masyarakat adat Amungme maupun masyarakat adat Kamoro adalah perlunya pengakuan kepada mereka sebagai Manusia diatas tanah mereka sendiri. Persoalan martabat manusia harus dihargai oleh siapapun. Kalau martabat suku Amungme dan suku Kamoro dihargai sebagai manusia, maka persolan PT. Freeport harus diselesaikan dengan melibatkan kedua suku tersebut sebagai masyarakat adat pemilik sumber daya alam tambang tersebut.

Kandungan tambang di Grasberg yang luas menjamin usia tambang yang panjang, sehingga bagi Freeport, yang paling menguntungkan adalah mengolah bijih dalam jumlah yang sangat besar setiap harinya, dan membuang 14 persen tembaga yang terkandung dalam bijih, yang pada akhirnya tertinggal di tailing yang dibuang ke sungai. Dengan alasan yang sama, sejumlah besar batuan yang mengandung tembaga juga dikeruk dan dibuang tanpa diolah dulu. Alasannya, perusahaan memilih untuk mendapatkan bijih berkualitas tinggi secepat mungkin.

Lebih dari 3 miliar ton tailing dan lebih dari empat miliar ton limbah batuan akan dihasilkan dari operasi PTFI sampai penutupan pada tahun 2040. Secara keseluruhan, Freeport menyia-nyiakan 53.000 ton tembaga per tahun, yang dibuang ke sungai sebagai Air Asam Batuan dalam bentuk buangan (leachate) dan tailing. Tingkat pencemaran logam berat semacam ini sejuta kali lebih buruk dibanding yang bisa dicapai oleh standar praktik pencegahan pencemaran industri tambang. Padahal, tembaga yang terbuang bisa menjadi sumber penghasilan yang cukup besar bagi Pemda Papua yang menerima royalti untuk setiap unit tembaga olahan. Selain itu tembaga terbuang ini mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan serius pada air tanah, sungai, dan muara di hilir.

Dari penjabar kasus diatas, dapat kita ketahui bahwa PT. Freeport Indonesia tidak menghiraukan etika bisnis dalam usaha mereka, hal ini dapat terlihat dari sikap PT. Freeport yang tidak memperdulikan dampak dari limbah yang mereka buang.

Solusi: pemerintah pusat dan daerah haus lebih bisa bersikap tegas terhadapat PT. Freeport dalam mengatasi masalah limbah dan lebih memperhatikan dampak social bagi masyarakat setempat.

Sumber: https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B_d10A4iodvOYWZjYzZlODQtMzBiYy00NTY0LTkxN2ItODk4N2JiZGRlNDJm&hl=en_US